考情简析
“完形填空”旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识的综合运用能力。其中涵盖词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法,又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。近几年中考的完形填空仍是选择题型。体裁上有记叙文、议论文、说明文。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主,同时涉及其他话题。设空主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他也有代词、连词、介词短语等。
设空归类:
1.语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2.具有语法变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。
3.固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5.根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。
解题策略
一、解题步骤
1.浏览一快速浏览,了解大意(跳过空格,不要看选项)(约两分钟)。
快速阅读一下全文,领会大意,正确分析、归纳文章主旨。
2.试填一瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破(约八分钟)。
先易后难,逐层深入。在理解文章大意基础上,对每道题所给的词语进行剖析,考虑语境,上下呼应,运用逻辑思维进行推理,再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等,先完成简单的,把难的留在后面。(注意不会的题要做标记)。
3.攻难一再细读全文,集中精力解决难点,填补空缺。(约两分钟)4.检查一复读全文,确保语意连贯,用词准确(约两分钟)。
试填后,再耐心通读全文,认真复查所选答案是否得当,语法是否正确,逻辑推理是否合理。
二、解题技巧技巧
1、充分利用文章中有提示作用的词。
这是完形填空解题时最常用的方法之一。这些词可以是原词复现、同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。试看以下例题:
原词复现:
【例1】One day,he was walking in his garden when he saw a strange (16)with beautiful features(特征)and sweetvoice in a tree.Chulong (17)went near the tree and caught the bird.
A.cat B.bird C.panda D.monkey
反义词:
【例2】Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the( 51 )one.Listening well is an activeexercise of our attention and hard work.
A.positive B.opposite C.same D.wrong
近义词
【例3】Iremember as a child I said something( )about somebody and my father said“Anytime you saysomething unpleasant about somebody else,it"s a reflection of you."
A.unkind B.unnecessary C.unimportant D.unusual
转折词
【例4】My main responsibilities were clearing tables,( )sometimes I helped cook.
A.or B.so C.but D.even
Keys:例1:B 例2:B 例3:A 例4:C
技巧2、词语之间的习惯搭配,或固定搭配。
习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法和固定短语并记忆。
【例1】They couldn"t read or write.They didn"t like to work and they never baths.
A.took B.washed C.ran D.covered
解析:答案A.本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath,意为“洗澡”。
【例2】This seemed to frightened him,and hethe money and gave it to me.
A.used up B.took out C.put down D.gave away
解析:答案B.本题考查的是固定搭配take out,意为“拿出(钱)”。“”use up意思是“用光”,“”
put down为“放下”,“”give away意思为“分发、泄露、失去”。
【例3】A month after he was born,his mother noticed that his eyes weren"t as as a normal baby"s.
A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest
解析:考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“as+adj/adv.+as.…”结构,表示“和……一样”,其中adj和adv.都用原级。故A项正确。
技巧3、结合常识,明辨真伪。
结合各类生活常识和科学常识,选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题,考生平时要做生活中的有心人,留心各种社会现象,积累丰富的生活知识。
【例1】But we ran so much that,afterwards,we had trouble
A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.breathing 解析:根据常识,跑步太快时,人们会呼吸很困难,所以答案是(D)。
【例2】Amajor French newspaper mistok his brother for him and carried an articlethe death of Alfred Nobel.
A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising.
解析:由常识可知,报社应该是(透露;宣布)消息,故用announce(give information about),所以答案为B.
技巧4、根据词汇意义和用法,辨析词义。
选项中四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。词义辨析法考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点;要做到准确选择,必须在一定的语境或句子中理解,这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查,如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。
【例1】AJapanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings.
Do you( )what he means?
A.think B.guess C.know D.understand
解析:C本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。
【例2】In England,people don"t like( 1 )very much.You can go on a bus,( 2 ) on a train,and people justsit looking(3)the windows.Often they read.They read books and newspapers.But they don"t talk….
A.laughing B.going out C.talking D.playingA.or B.and C.either D.but 3.A.from B.through C.at D.out of
Keys:1.C 2.A 3.D
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