新解就近原则:
今天,让我们来谈谈”就近原则”的一些小故事:
所谓”就近原则”,即是在某些特定结构下,主语部分的名词很多,谓语上动词之形式是依靠离它最近的主语名词来变化的,也就是说是被那个名词牵着鼻子走的。
比方句子:Not only you but also he is wrong. 不仅你错了,他也错了。
本句中谓语上之动词清清楚楚写着is,有人问,为什么不是are啊?主语上之名词不是有you和he啊?不是复数吗?为什么是is呢?
这是因为在特定结构not only…but also下,谓语上动词是通过离它最近的那个主语名词来变的,具体到本句,就是he这个名词,is离he最近。
具体的之类特定结构很多,具体的有以下几种,待鄙人一一细细道来。
not only.... but also, not just..... but需使用就近原则,两组中都包含not but谐音为“脑白”,近谐音为“金”,合起来读作脑白金。(评:not only, but also与not just, but这两个结构,不光意思一样,长得也像”双胞胎”,only与just意思本就类似。)
Eg: Not just you but he likes the country music very much.不但你,而且他也很喜欢乡村音乐。(评:本句原型为:Not just you like the country music very much but he likes the country very much。此处的but为一并列连词。)
注意:no。。。but结构并不适用于就近原则,如:Nobody but Tom and John has done it. 只有Tom与John做出这件事。此处的but相当于with the exception of(评:but为一个非单纯介词。), 因此Tom与John就是作宾语,而非主语,真正作主语的是Nobody, 因此后面的谓语动词为has,本句之原型实则为Nobody has done it but Tom and John. 也就是传统意义上的”就远原则”。
or, either ... or, neither....nor需使用就近原则,幻想吃了脑白金,即刻变霍金,or意为”或”,谐音为”霍”,本三组都包含or, 金亦为“近”之谐音。。
Eg: Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice. 我和我的朋友都说服不了他接受我们的建议。(评:实际相当于My friends were not able to persuade him to accept our advice and I was not able to persuade him to accept our advice.)
He or I am in the wrong. 他或是我错了。(评:实际相当于He is in the wrong or I am in the wrong.其中is in the wrong没有写出来。)
there be/here be句型: 翻译成”有”,谐音为”油”,油很滑,滑到离它最”近”的名词。。
eg:There is an apple and two pears on the table. 桌子上有一只苹果与两只梨。(评:实际相当于There is an apple and there are two pears on the table.)
如:The transformation of an animal into a person, or the reverse, is part of many a folk tale. 从动物变成人,或者人变为动物,为很多民间故事的组成部分之一。(评:本句为The transformation of an animal into a person is part of many a folk tale or the transformation of a person into an animal is part of many a folk tale. 其中第一个并列分钟中的is part of many a folk tale没有写出,the transformation of a person into an animal变为了the reverse, 然后or the reverse再插入于前面person之后,is之前。)
再比如说还有There are two cups of coffee. 有两杯咖啡。(评:are是通过离其最近之名词短语two cups而变幻而成的。)
结论:从以上分析我们可以看出,”就近原则”其实并不是天生就有的,只是句子的某种变化形式。