中高考英语的句型有很多,但是学会there be 句型的运用非常重要,只要是学习都会涉及到,无论作文与选择,这些都是要经历的,希望同学们可以好好看看。
一、初步认识:
1.定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构:(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
eg.
① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
二、There be句型与have的区别
There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系
eg:
①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
三、there be结构主要表示“某地(某时)有……”,它不能表示“所有”,即“某人(物)有……”
There be中的动词be(is, are)是“存在”的意思。there在这种句型中是引导词,没有实际词义。由there引导的这种结构,主语应放在动词be(is,are)之后,与其在数方面保持一致。其结构如下:there be+名词(主语)+地点状语或时间状语。”
例如:
(1)There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。
(2)There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张画。
(3)There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
【区别】动词have表示“有”时,它通常有三个含义:
1.表示“某人(在物质上的)所有。”这种情况下不能用there be替换。如:
I have a new watch. 我有一块新表。
He has a good friend. 他有一个好朋友。
2.表示“某人或动物(在身体上的)长有”。这种情况也不能用there be替换。如:
She has blue eyes. 她的眼睛是蓝色的。
A horse has two ears. 马有两只耳朵。
3.表示“某物体(在结构上的)装有”。这种情况可以用there be替换。如:
A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock.
钟上装有一个圆型的钟盘。
That room has only two windows.= There are two windows in that room.
那个房间仅装有两扇窗户。
另外,表示“某人手中有某物”时,也用have.例如:
Mary has a glass of water in her hand. 玛丽手中端着一玻璃杯水
4.当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
四、语法:With/have/there be用法
With ,have, there be都可译成“有”,但在使用上大不相同
1、 with:介词“具有、带有、附有”之意。
例如:
It is a black cat with one black ear and two white legs.他是只长着一只黑耳朵、两条白腿的黑猫。
2、have:动词“有”表示“某人或某物有”,他表示所属关系。
如:I have a book.我有一本书。
3、there be:表示“某地存在某物”,表示存在关系。
其中there是引导词,be才是真正的谓语,在there be 结构中,主语放在be之后,be动词的变化取决于主语和句子的时态。
There is a book on the desk.
There are many students in our school.
There were a lot of old houses here three years ago.
分手一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如:
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike
behind the tree.
分手二:一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为"调整法"。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧:
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
分手三:特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用"Whos+介词短语?";当主语是物时,用"Whats + 介词短语?"。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
There are many things over there. →Whats over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
There be 句型专练:
1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture.
3.在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 里面还有其他的东西吗?_____ _____ anything else in it?
5. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.
6. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
想了解更多精彩内容,快来关注阿禄老师
从零快学英语入门+零起点英语语法入门+15000单词口袋书随身背(3册)正版英语¥39.8淘宝月销28购买