主谓一致和倒装句
易错清单
1. either of,neither of,both of,neither... nor...,either... or...,both... and... 连接主语时,谓语动词的单、复数
Either of them is good enough.
他们中的任何一个都够好的了。
Neither of them likes football.
他们俩都不喜欢足球。
Both of them like dancing.
他们两人都喜欢跳舞。
Both she and I are good at English.
她和我都擅长英语。
Either my brother or my parents are going to see my grandpa tomorrow. 要么我哥哥要么我父母明天将去看我祖父。
Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.
学生和老师都不喜欢这部电影。
2. “so+谓语+主语”与“so+主语+谓语”
(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”这一倒装结构用来表达前面所陈述的情况也适用于另外一人,意思是“……也是如此”。如:
Jennifer likes to listen to music. So do I.
詹妮弗喜欢听音乐,我也喜欢。
I have been to the Great Wall,and so has she.
我去过长城,她也去过。
此句型只用于肯定句。否定句要用“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。如:
—He can"t speak Russian.
他不会讲俄语。
—Neither/nor can I. —我也不会。
(2)“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容,这是一种简单的答语,是对上文所说的情况加以肯定。其中so的意义相当于indeed,certainly。可译为“的确如此”,“确实这样”。如:
—He works hard. —他工作努力。
—So he does,and so does his brother.
—他确实是这样,他兄弟也是如此。
—It was very cold yesterday.
—昨天很冷。
—So it was.
—的确如此。
提分策略
1. 准确判断主语的单、复数
主谓一致主要考查考生对主语单、复数以及人称的理解和判断能力。解答这类题目时,首先找出句子的真正主语,然后依据主谓一致的三原则做出选择。主语后接with,together with,but,except等词时,谓语应于前面的名词保持一致。
【例】(2014·江苏苏州·55)只剩下一本,我们得合看了。(翻译成英文)
【解析】考查主谓一致和并列句的用法。该句是并列句,前一分句应该用there be 结构。句子的主语是‘一本书",谓语动词应该用单数;第二分句用so来连接,谓语部分用have to的一般将来时态。
【答案】There"s only one copy left,so we"ll have to share.
2. 熟记常见倒装句型
中考对倒装句的考查主要涉及到以so,neither开头的倒装句,这两种句型一直是考生的易错点。熟记下面歌诀,能帮你准确解答此类问题。
so助be情加主语,表示情况也这样。neither句首表否定,助be情态直接跟。它们都有一特点,两句主语不一样。主语一致表强调,后面一定不倒装。
【例1】(2013·新疆乌鲁木齐·33)—I don"t like documentaries.
—.
A. So do I B. So I do
C. Neither do I D. Either do I
【解析】考查倒装句用法。题意:——我不喜欢纪录片。——我也不喜欢。Neither do I = I don"t like documentaries,either. 故选C。
【答案】C
【例2】(2012·黑龙江鸡西·35)Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don"t go,.
A. so do I
B. neither do I
C. neither will I
【解析】考查倒装句。因为空格前是否定句,所以后面的主句也应该是否定,故排除A项,if引导的条件状语从句,主将从现。故选C。
【答案】C
专项训练
1. (2014·湖北枣阳·26)—There some chocolate and some hamburgers on the table. Help yourself !
—Thank you. I like very much.
A. are;them B. is;they C. is;them D. are;they
2. ( 2014·上海奉贤区·42.) Mr Smith"s never angry with their daughter. Mrs Smith.
A. So is B. So has C. Neither is D. Neither has
3. (2014·湖北枣阳·37)—Tara has made great progress in English this term.
—,and .
A. So she has;so have you B. So she has;so you have
C. So has she;so you have D. So has she;so have you
4. (2014·山东德州·17)Either Eve or Herb been invited by Lucy"s parents already.
A. have B. has C. was D. were
5. (2014·湖北枣阳·35)—We are afraid of the teachers strict with students.
—So am I.
A. that is B. whom are C. who is D. that are
6. (2013·天津)There some flowers on the teacher"s desk just now,but now there nothing on it.
A. have;has B. were;was
C. were;is D. has;has
7. (2013·湖北黄冈)—I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
—, and.
A. So he did;so did I B. So did he;so I did
C. So he was;so was I D. So was he;so I was
8. (2013·安徽)—Have you got some water to drink?
—Here you are. Therestill some in the bottle.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
9. (2013·广东广州)Every student as well as some teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 7∶30 in the morning.
A. are;are B. is;is C. are;is D. is;are
10. (2013·江苏南京)—I"ve given all my pocket money to the people in Sichuan.
—. I hope they can get over the difficulties they are meeting.
A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. So I am
参考答案与解析
1. C解析:考查主谓一致的用法。There be结构中由两个并列主语时,遵循就近原则。应答句应该复数代词的宾格。故选C。
2. C解析:考查倒装句的用法。前一句表示否定,后一句的倒装句应该用neither;因为前面一句的谓语部分是be动词,所以排除A、B、D三项。故选C。
3. A解析:考查倒装句的用法。副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于“她”和“你”。故选D。
4. B解析:考查主谓一致的用法。该句是现在完成时态的被动语态。either...or连接两个主语,谓语部分的助动词要用单数形式。故选B。
5. D解析:考查定语从句的用法。先行词是复数,在句中作主语,从句的谓语动词应该用复数形式,关系代词在从句中作主语,所以排除A、B、C三项。故选D。
6. C解析:考查there be句型的用法。没有there have/has结构,排除A、D;“some flowers”作主语,谓语动词使用复数形式;but表示转折,第二空时态为一般现在时,排除B。故选C。
7. A解析:考查so引导的倒装句。把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物,构成“so + be (have,助动词或情态动词) + 主语”句型。如果表示对上文的肯定用so + 主语 + be (have,助动词或情态动词),表示“确实如此”。上文说黄刚做了演讲,下文说他确实做了(演讲),而且我也做了。故选A。
8. C解析:考查there be句型。water是不可数名词,用be动词单数形式,故选C。
9. C解析:考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意:参观博物馆的学生和老师必须于明天上午7∶30在校门口集合。整个句子的主语是Every student,所以第二空填is;定语从句“who are to visit the museum”的先行词是some teachers,所以用are,故选C。
10. B解析:考查so引导的倒装句。句意:——我已把所有的零用钱都给了四川的人们。——我也是。我希望他们能够克服正面临的困难。由后句“我希望他们能够克服正面临的困难”可知,完整回答应该是“I have given all my pocket money, too.”故选B。
