动词短语及辨析
动词短语的辨析可分为三类：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。下面就常见的动词短语作如下总结：
1．add
add ...to ...把……加在……上；add to 增加；add up 加起来；add up to 总计
Each new word and sentence you master will add to your confidence when speaking English.每一个你所掌握的新单词和新句子都会增加你说英语的信心。
2．break
break away from 脱离；break down 坏掉，分解，垮下来；break out 爆发；break in 打断，闯入；break into闯入；break through 突破；break up 打碎，分解，分手
A police officer came to our help when our car broke down on the way.
我们的汽车在路上出了毛病，一位警官帮了我们的忙。
3．bring
bring about 引起，导致；bring down 使降低，使下降；bring in 引进，赚进；bring out 取出，出版，生产，阐明；bring up 抚养，养育，呕吐
Born and brought up in the countryside，he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。
4．call
call at 拜访(某地)；call for 去接(某人)，需要；call in 请来，召集；call on 拜访(某人)，号召；call off 取消
This sort of work calls for a lot of patience. 做这类工作需要极大的耐心。
5．come
come about 发生；come across偶遇，遭遇；come along跟随；come out 出现，出版，结果是；come to共计；come up 出现，被提出；come up with提出
In the course of the experiments，they came across a series of new problems.在试验过程中他们碰到一系列新问题。
6．cut
cut down 砍倒，削减；cut in 插嘴；cut off 切断；cut up 切碎；cut out裁剪，戒掉
The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month.
村庄被大雪封住不能与外界联系长达一个月。
7．get
get across 被理解，使通过；get away外出度假；get down to着手做；get in 收割；get into进入，养成；get off 下车/船/马/飞机等；get over 克服；get through 完成，通过，解决，接通电话；get up起床，起身
This is the message that we want to get across to the public.这条信息正是我们想让公众理解的。
8．go
go against违背；go out外出，熄灭；go over预习，复习；go without没有……也行，没有……也可以勉强对付
Since there is no butter left，we had to go without.
既然奶油没了，我们只得将就一下。
9．look
look into调查；look round/around 环顾；look through 浏览，透过……看；look up 向上看，查找；look up to尊敬，敬仰
My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him.
我父亲必定对我有极深远的影响，我一直很崇敬他。
10．make
make for 冲向；make out辨认出；make the best of充分利用；make up组成，编造；make up for弥补
We must work hard to make up for the lost time.
我们必须努力工作以弥补失去的时光。
11．put
put away 收起，储存；put down写下，镇压；put forward 提出；put in放进，写进；put off推迟；put on穿上，上演；put out 扑灭，出版，生产；put up 张贴，举起，建造，留宿
We should put away our differences and work together for our common goal.
我们应该把分歧放在一边，为共同的目标而努力。
12．set
set about 着手；set aside 拨出，置于一旁；set off 出发，引爆；set out 着手，出发；set up 建立，竖立
The village members set off firecrackers to celebrate the successful completion of the reservoir.
为庆祝水库的胜利建成，村民们放了鞭炮。
13．take
take apart拆卸；take in 欺骗，吸收；take off 起飞，腾飞，脱掉；take on 呈现，雇用；take over 接管；take up 开始从事，占据，拿起
They no longer have to take on large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting.
他们再也不必雇用大量临时工来收割农作物。
14．turn
turn down 拒绝，把音量关小；turn in 上交；turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn out 结果证明；turn over 翻开；turn to 求助于，转向；turn up 出现，把音量开大
The party turned out to be very successful.
结果证明晚会开得很成功。
【对接高考】
1．(2014·福建高考)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can________concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A．catch sight of B．get hold of
C．take charge of D．make mention of
【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能________的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of看见；get hold of找到，得到，抓住；take charge of负责；make mention of提到。根据句中的everything(一切)以及concerning music(与音乐有关)可知是找到(get hold of)一切与音乐有关的东西。【答案】B
2．(2014·陕西高考)Ralph W. Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him.
A．set off B．set about
C．set up D．set down
【解析】本题考查set短语意义辨析。句意：Ralph W．Emerson总是把他想到的一些新主意________。set off动身，使爆炸，引发，激起；set about着手；set up创立，建立，开办；set down记下，写下。根据空后的关键信息new ideas that occurred to him(他想到的新主意)可知，应该是“记下，写下”新主意，所以选择D项。【答案】D
3．(2014·大纲全国卷)Caroline doesn"t have a gift for music, but she________it with hard work.
A．goes back on B．takes away from
C．makes up for D．catches up with
【解析】本题结合动词短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意：卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋，但是她用努力工作来________它。go back on背叛，背弃；take away from拿走，带走；make up for弥补；catch up with赶上，追上。由第一分句的关键信息doesn"t have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知，她是在用努力工作来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。【答案】C
