2020年是个特殊的年份,因为受到疫情的影响,学生们都宅在家里上网课。可是有的同学能够高效学习,有的同学却抓不到要领。到底是什么影响了他们的学习效果,其实就是知识的归纳。对于一些学习好的同学来说,他们不仅善于吸收知识,更善于归纳知识。当然这对于一些基础薄弱的同学们来说,可能有些困难。这些同学先不要慌,波伏娃老师精心为同学们归纳了小升初英语的知识点,希望它可以帮助同学们系统地梳理知识,抓住知识难点、易考点。
一、词汇选择(易错点、常考点)
1、a、 an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2、am 、is 、 are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3、have、 has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。第三人称单数用has , 复数用have. I、you 用 have .
4、there is、 there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.如果后面跟着一个单数名词和一个复数名词,则要遵守就近原则。
如:There is a book and two pens.
There are two pens and a book.
5、some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6、疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)
二、完全、缩略形式
I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is you’re=you are they’re=they are
there’s=there is there’re=there are
can’t=can not don’t=do not doesn’t=does not
isn’t=is not aren’t=are not
let’s=let us won’t=will not
I’ll=I will wasn’t=was not
总结:通常情况下,"m即am,"s即is(但let’s=let us), "re即are ,n"t即not (但can’t=can not)
三、必须掌握的人称表
四、玩转句型专项归类
1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
I’m a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:
I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.
I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。
①有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分开写。
②没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。
3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”回答。
如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
如:What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?
五:动词过去式详解
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked, learned , cleaned , visited等.
②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used等.
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study– studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)。
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如,stopped等.
六:动词现在分词详解
动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
七:英语动词4种时态:
1、一般现在时:常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) , always(总是,一直) , never(从不),表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。
用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s(或es,或变y为i再加es)。
如:I often get up at 7:00.
He often gets up at 7:30.
2、现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用am / is / are 加 动词ing形式表示,如:
What are you doing? I am reading a book.
What is he doing? He is singing.
3、一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。
1.用 am/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示,如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I’m going to ride a horse.
2.用will 加动词原形表示,如:What will you do next Sunday? I will go shopping.
4、一般过去时:经常与表示过去的时间连用,如: yesterday, last night等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。
动词要用动词的过去式。
如:
Who was first? Ken was first.
Where were you yesterday? I was at home.
What did you do yesterday? I went to school.