2021陕西专升本考试倒计时12天!
在专升本考试中阅读理解与翻译想要得高分,是有一定技巧的,今天小编就给大家分享一波英语阅读理解与翻译答题技巧!
阅读理解
1、带着问题读文章,做到心中有数。
2、读全文,了解全文大意及主旨。
3、抓细节,理顺文章思路与文章脉络。
4、逻辑推理,做到深层理解。
具体方法:
01 主旨大意题
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词
●归纳标题特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:What’s the best title for the text?The best title for this passage is ___.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
●概括大意题包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:What is the general/main idea of the passage?Which of the following expresses the main idea?What is the subject discussed in the text?The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.The passage/ text is mainly about_____.What’s the article mainly about ?
●解题技巧阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。
02 细节理解题
1.事实细节题→寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问,或判断正误;后者需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异。
常见命题形式有:What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except? Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法(找出一个事件和后一个事件,用排除法缩小范围) 常出现在记叙文和说明文中,一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有:Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题。
4. 数字计算题→(方法:审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算) 可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。推理判断题 主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,态度的判断,对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定,设想)。
03 推理判断题
●细节推理判断题一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断,常见命题形式有:It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.The author implies/ suggests that_____.We may infer that _________.Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
●预测推理判断题根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测,常见命题形式有:What do you think will happen if/when…?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
●推测文章来源或读者对象常见命题形式有:The passage is probably take out of_____The passage would most likely be found in_____Where does this text probably come from?
●写作意图、目的、态度推断题询问写作目的的题,选项里常出现的词是:explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。
04 词义猜测题
考点:①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义③判断某个代词的指代的对象。
常见命题形式有:The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to_.The word"..."(Line 6.para.2)probably means_.The word ".." (Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word“......"?
做题技巧
1.通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because , as , since , for , so , thus , as a result,of course等等)表示前因后果。
例如:You shouldn"t have blamed him for that , for it wasn"t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组。如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等。
二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语 ,如 : He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如:She is unlikely tohave stolen the money.(“un”含否定意义,故为“不太可能”之意。)
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义。例如:But sometimes , no rain falls for a long, long time.Then there is a dry period ,or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾”。而adry period和drought是同义语。
这种同义或释义关系常由is , or , that is , in other words , be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如 : Bananas , oranges , pineapples , coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。
从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。