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从句概述
如果句子里用另外一个句子做句子成分，做成分的句子就叫做从句。根据它在句中不同的语法功能可划分为三大类：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句就是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任宾语、表语、主语和同位语。所以，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，具有形容词性，所以又叫做形容词性从句；
状语从句在句子中作状语，起副词作用，所以又叫做副词性从句。
名词性从句
1.宾语从句
置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句就叫做宾语从句。
I know him.
I know (that) he is a good man.
宾语从句的连词（引导词）
1、当宾语从句是陈述句时，由连词that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
Jacky feels (that) his own ability is better.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving matchbox.
2、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为 if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。
She asked me if she could borrow these books.
Let"s see whether we can find out some information about the city.
3、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。
Do you know what he said just now？
I asked him where I could get so much money？
4、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan？
Could you tell us how long the meeting will last？
I don"t know how far it is to the cinema？
Please tell us how soon you will be ready？
Can you tell us how old his brother is？
Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday？
5、在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的可以省略that的从句，也可算是宾语从句。
I"m sorry (that) I don"t know
We"re sure (that) our team will win.
I"m afraid (that) he won"t pass the exam.
We"re happy (that) you can come.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序
His brother asks when he will go to the library？
I don"t know what he wants to buy.
Can you tell me who we are going to meet？
宾语从句的时态
1、如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。
I know he lives here.
I know he lived here ten years ago.
I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
2、如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He said that he had seen the movie.
3、当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
宾语从句的注意事项
1、could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
Could you please tell me where I can buy the tickets？
Could you tell us when he will come back？
2、如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不能用that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that。
He asks if I like playing the piano？
He said (that) he would take care of the child.
You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.
3、如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if.
Could you tell me whether that"s a fast train or not?
I don"t care whether he"ll stay here or not.
4、连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：
Do you know if he will come back next week？If he comes back, please let me know.
I don"t know when he will come. I can"t wait here any more. When he comes, would you please ask him to call me?
5、连词+宾语从句可改写为连词+to do的形式。
I don"t know what I shall do next.
I don"t know what to do next.
She didn"t decide which one she would choose.
She didn"t decide which one to choose.
Please tell me whom you"ll give the letter to.
Please tell me whom to give the letter to.
宾语从句的练习题
一、将下面两个句子改写成宾语从句；
1. Did the students have a picnic last Sunday?
Do you know?
Do you know if / whether the students had a picnic last Sunday?
2. Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years.
Jim told Lin Tao.
Jim told Lin Tao (that) Mr Smith had been in China for about three years.
3. Which book should I read first?
Please tell me.
Please tell me which book I should read first?
4. Light travels faster than sound.
Our teacher told us.
Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound.
二、选择正确的选项；
1. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
Do you know ？
正确答案：C
2. Please tell me _______.
A. what does he like
B. what he does like
C. what he likes
D. what he like
正确答案：C
3. Could you tell me where_______ next week.
A. would go
B. to go
C. had to go
D. will go
正确答案：B
4. The little children don"t know _______.
A.what is their stockings in
B.what is in their stockings
C.where is their stockings in
D.what in their stockings
正确答案：B
5. He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing.
A. will rain, won"t go
B. rained, wasn"t go
C. rains, won"t go
D. rain, will go
正确答案：C
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