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1.不定式和分词都可以做主语补足语和宾语补足语,但所表达的意义不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行或一直处于某种状态;过去分词表示被动意义;不定式表示动作未发生。
She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.她突然听到有人敲门。(正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour.她让我们在这等了一个小时。(一直处于某种状态)
I heard the song sung.我听见有人唱这首歌。(song和sung之间是被动关系)
please remind me to take my medicine this afternoon.下午请提醒我吃药。(未发生)
2.表示劝请、要求的动词后常用带to 的不定式作宾补,这类动词有:ask , invite , tell , want , encourage , wish , expect , beg , request , require , advise , order , force , cause , allow , permit , forbid , warn , remind , teach , send , call on , wait for , would like/love/prefer 等。以上动词用于~ sb. to do sth.结构。
但hope , suggest , agree , decide , demand 等不可接sb. to do sth.。
He doesn"t allow his family to smoke.他不让家人抽烟。
3.在使役动词make , let , have 后,一般用不带to 的不定式作宾补,但在其被动式后作主语补足语时,要加上to 。
He made his son study English.他让儿子学习英语。
His son was made to study English.他儿子被要求学习英语。
4.help作宾补时,不定式带不带to 均可。
He helped me (to) clean the room.他帮我清洁房间。
5.want ,wish 等后接to be done作宾补时,to be 可省略,直接用过去分词作宾补。
When do you wish it (to be) finished?你希望它什么时候完成?
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