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#英语语法辨析#
Near 词性丰富,可以作形容词、副词或介词等,是一个用法非常广泛的单词,主要表示不久或不远,因此它既可以用来表示空间上的距离,也可也表示时间上的跨度,也是考研或 CET4 考试中会出现的一个单词。
只有在个别一些情况下,near 才可以作前置定语,此时它通常不用来修饰地点或位置,常见的如下:
一、意思有“接近的,差不多的,几乎”等,相当于 close to being sb/sth,此时的 near 没有比较级和最高级,是一个不可分级形容词,因为没有“一点差不多”或“非常差不多”等类似的说法,例如:
The runners looked near exhaustion.
赛跑者看上去几乎筋疲力尽。
A climb in the mountains led to near disaster.
攀登这座山差点导致一场灾难。(都有“山”的意思,那么登山是用 mountain 还是 hill 呢?)
The election proved to be a near disaster for the party.
这次选举对这个党派来说几乎是一场灾难。(prove意为“证明”,但当它后面接不定式时,意思发生了很大变化)
二、意为“近亲”,表示亲属关系,例如:
We invited all our near relatives to the party.
我们邀请了所有的近亲参加聚会。
Only the nearest relatives were present at the funeral.
只有几位近亲参加了葬礼。
三、意为“不久的”,常出现在类似于 in the near future 等表时间的短语中,且通常这类短语置于句尾,例如:
Bank interest rates are expected to rise in the near future.
银行利率预计在不久的将来会上升。
The conflict is unlikely to be resolved in the near future.
冲突短期内不可能解决。
四、意为“近侧的”等,用于指某物最靠近你所在位置的一侧,例如:
I got into the near side of the bed.
我从自己这边上了床。
He got out of the near side of the car.
他从汽车的近侧下车。
但是其他情况 near 以及 nearer 通常不用于名词前,但是 nearest 可以置于名词的前面或后面,特别是在修饰一个位置时,例如:
晚上我们去了附近的一家餐馆。
We went to a nearby restaurant in the evening. (正确)
We went to a near restaurant in the evening. (错误)
她母亲住在附近一个小镇上。
Her mother lived in a nearby town. (正确)
Her mother lived in a near town. (错误)
I went into the nearest room.
我走进最近的房间。
They live in a small cottage 15 miles from the nearest village.
他们住在离最近村庄15英里的一间小屋里。
The nearest star to earth is about 4 light years away.
地球离最近的恒星大约为4光年。
那么 near 在距离上表示“近”时,怎么使用它呢?通常它在句中作表语,表示某个地方近,此时相当于 close,例如:
The shops are quite near.
商店离我们很近。
His house is very near.
他的房子就在附近。
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